Why do people migrate?

push forces:
~ civil war
~ environmental deflation
~ unemployment/underemployment
~ religious or ethnic persecution

pull forces:
~ better economic opportunity
~ better health services
~ religious freedom
~ political freedom

total fertility rate (tfr) ~ average number of children born per woman

~ to remain the same, tfr must be 2.1
~ higher than 2.1 = population rises
~ lower than 2.1 = population falls

world tfr ~ 2.42
Nigeria tfr ~ 6.89
Japan tfr ~ 1.40

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